A Router is a Layer 3 (OSI Reference Model) networking device that forwards data packets between different networks. A router stands in between one or more local area networks to pass traffic as a gateway. Internet Protocol is used by Router to forward IP packets containing data along with the source and destination IP address situated on separate local area networks. A Router is a Layer 3 (OSI Reference Model) networking device that forwards data packets between different networks. A router stands in between one or more local area networks to pass traffic as a gateway. Internet Protocol is used by Router to forward IP packets containing data along with the source and destination IP address situated on separate local area networks.

Its major functions include:

• Routers determine the best path for data packets to travel from one network to another, based on routing factors like network topology, interface bandwidth speed, and metric calculation.
• Routers also do some significant functions in a network, like IP address translation from private to public network communication, Packet Filtering for network security, plays DHCP Server role to provide IP address to other network device.
• These functions make routers the most essential components in building and managing networks, both at home and in business.